Jeremy Sean Lofthouse University of Utah Member ΦΑΘ-AP Read at the Utah Regional ΦΑΘ Conference at Utah State University Published in Utah Historical Review, Vol III. As the tenants and structure of Moromonism took shape in the 1800s church members and leadership worked toward an understanding of the role glossolalia — the practice of speaking in tongues, would have within the young church. Jeremy...

Grant Monson Burton University of Utah Member ΦΑΘ-AP Read at the Utah Regional ΦΑΘ Conference at Utah State University Published in Utah Historical Review, Vol III. Winner of 2nd Place Undergraduate Paper Prize at the Phi Alpha Theta Regional Meeting Various governing authorities in Southeast Asia have historically used the opium trade to generate extra revenue. The British and French colonial governments, in particular,...

Allison Fife Utah State University Published in Utah Historical Review, Vol III. In 2004, Utah State University acquired a collection of approximately 1,200 rare volumes about the history of science and technology as a result of a bequest by Peter W. van der Pas. A Dutch immigrant and survivor of World War II, van der Pas proved to be an avid book collector and...

Megan Dipo University of Utah Member ΦΑΘ-AP Published in Utah Historical Review, Vol III. The horror genre has undergone drastic changes in the last two hundred years. Its landscape has transformed from brooding Gothic castles and haunted family drama and intrigue to the unfathomable realms of space, and the endless nothingness of evil incarnate. Modern horror in particular reveals the psyche of current human...

David T. Shackelford University of Utah Published in Utah Historical Review, Vol III. Winner of the 2013 U of U Essay Award Traditional scholarship would assert that during the Civil War, African American slaves converted to Christianity in large numbers. Many scholars argue that a large majority of southern slaves committed and converted to the common religious principles to create what they term Afro-Christianity....

Mimi Marstaller University of Utah Read at the 2nd Annual University of Utah History Conference Published in Utah Historical Review, Vol III. In this paper I attempt to introduce Reinhold Niebuhr’s 1952 book The Irony of American History to the reader of 2013, as though for a new edition. I argue that Niebuhr’s warnings to Cold War-era policy-makers apply to two new audiences today:...

Lindsey Lamph Larson University of Utah Published in Utah Historical Review, Vol III. Courtesan women in China may be described by many names, names such as entertainers, artists, and in general alluring women with talent and sex appeal. My paper will seek to address the reasons why these women were known as such. It is said that the courtesan women first appeared during what...

A. Dallin Grimm University of Utah Member ΦΑΘ-AP Read at the Utah Regional ΦΑΘ Conference at Utah State University Published in Utah Historical Review, Vol III. In the midst of struggles between the Church and noble lords over the political and spiritual wellbeing of Western Europe, Pope Urban II preached the First Crusade to install an essential foundation that allowed papal authority to gradually...

Adrian Bushman University of Utah Member ΦΑΘ-AP Published in Utah Historical Review, Vol III. In modern literature and media, authors often draw convenient examples from historical episodes and hold them side by side with current events in an attempt to explain or inspire contemporary phenomena. These comparisons serve many parties and purposes, yet rarely are the serious historian or the quest for historical accuracy...

Chad Scott Brown University of Utah Member ΦΑΘ-AP Published in Utah Historical Review, Vol III. Having defeated Sextus Pompey as well as relieving Lepidus of his Triumvir status in 36 BCE, Octavian had control of the Western Roman territories. But with the future Augustus taking Lepidus’ former troops and territories of Africa under his control, Octavian was forcing the hand of his other partner...

Raquel Gibson Utah Valley University Published in Utah Historical Review, Vol III. The San Francisco Minstrels were a blackface minstrel troupe that became exceedingly popular in the decade and half following the Civil War, led by three of the greatest talents of the day Billy Birch, Charlie Backus and David Wambold.  The troupe’s mix of physical comedy, intelligent wit and spontaneity appealed to a...

Daniel McKenna Joesten University of Utah Member ΦΑΘ-AP Read at the 2nd Annual University of Utah History Conference Published in Utah Historical Review, Vol III. During the first four years of World War I the British sustained heavy losses at the front. The desperate need for more troops led them to conscript men not only from Britain, but from their dominions as well. One...

Jacob Wayne DeGering University of Utah Member ΦΑΘ-AP Published in Utah Historical Review, Vol III. Winner of 3rd Place Graduate Paper Prize at the Phi Alpha Theta Regional Meeting Prior to Columbus’s momentous voyage in 1492, no European had ever imagined, much less tasted, chocolate. Primarily rejected as a peculiar Indian drink, this product, second only to tobacco, came to conquer Europe on a...

Hadyn B. Call Utah State University Member ΦΑΘ-AΓΟ Published in Utah Historical Review, Vol III. Movies under the genre of historical such as the recent “Lincoln” (2012) attract people to theaters all over the nation and ignite national interests in history. Although good for the profession and history as a subject, movies often perpetuate untruths that damage the veracity of historical events and people’s...

Marianne Bristow Evans Utah State University Published in Utah Historical Review, Vol III. The recent selection of the first Latin American pope as the head of the Roman Catholic Church draws attention to the deep scars left in South America by the Cold War. The Cold War was an iconic period in history, one of great religious conflict when the faith and democratic ideology...

Alexandria Waltz Weber State University Member ΦΑΘ–ΑΓΟ Read at the 2011 Phi Alpha Theta Regional Conference Winner: Best Undergraduate Paper Published in Historia: the Alpha Rho Papers, Vol I. The rock and roll industry is relatively new to the realm of music, beginning in its most identifiable foundations only approximately fifty years ago. However, the “age of rock” has shaped the culture and lives...

Chad Scott Brown University of Utah Member ΦΑΘ–ΑP Published in Historia: the Alpha Rho Papers, Vol II. To understand the confrontation and fierce feelings expressed, pro and con, concerning the iconoclastic actions of the Isaurian emperors, one must first understand what an icon is.  What are the characteristics that define the holy icons, the ayies eikones, which “are regarded by members of the Orthodox...

Amber Meek Malek University of Utah Member ΦΑΘ–ΑP Published in Historia: the Alpha Rho Papers, Vol II. The late 1940’s and 1950’s were times of great social change in regard to race relations in the United States. African Americans and sympathetic Whites struggled to establish integrated and equal communities. The civil rights movement was met with significant resistance and the state of Utah was...

Jennifer Anne Meredith University of Utah Member ΦΑΘ–ΑP Published in Historia: the Alpha Rho Papers, Vol II. Scholars have portrayed Colorado Governor Edwin Johnson as both a racist and a pragmatist in his dealing with minority groups. The paper argues that Johnson followed his constituency’s changing opinions on the proper treatment of Mexican immigrants. By looking at his two terms as Colorado Governor in...

Camden Burd University of Utah Member ΦΑΘ–ΑP Published in Historia: the Alpha Rho Papers, Vol II. The story of the Great Lakes, as defined by those who sought to control it, is one ranging from terror to treasure.  Man’s approach with the American natural world has been a continual change throughout the past two centuries.  In no area is this more apparent than the...

Timothy A. Boyer Brigham Young University Member ΦΑΘ–BI Published in Historia: the Alpha Rho Papers, Vol II. Patriotism, while easily defined as “love of one’s country” is not easily quantified. Patriotism is neither constant through space nor is it constant through time. Simply put, what constitutes patriotism depends on who is defining it. The United States of America has often been described as being a patriotic...